The Anatolian peninsula comprising most of modern Turkey, is one of the oldest continually inhabited regions in the world due to its location at the intersection of Asia and Europe, bordering the Black Sea, Aegean Sea and Mediterranean Sea. The Mediterranean coastline is dotted with well-preserved Greco-Roman cities such as Pergamom and Ephesus, while the austere and rugged Anatolian plateau has cave churches hidden away in the improbable fairytale landscape of Cappadocia. Istanbul, quintessentially Eastern is at the heart of the nation, with historic Roman aqueducts, Byzantine churches, glittering Ottoman mosques and palaces on offer, contrasting with the modern glamorous bars, restaurants and the new Istanbul Modern Gallery.
Flying time3 hours
GMT + 2 hours
March - October
The coastal areas of Turkey bordering the Mediterranean Sea have a temperate climate with hot, dry summers and mild, wet and cold winters. Conditions can be much harsher in the more arid interior, with average temperatures in istanbul ranging from 3 in January to 28 in August.